Pavement for streets



(No Model.)

W. H. WINSLOW. PAVEMENT FOR STREETS.

No. 541,140. Patented June 18, 1895.

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UNITED STATES PATE-NT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. WINSLOI'V, OF OAK PARK, ILLINOIS.

PAVEMENT FOR STREETS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 541,140, dated I une 18, 1895.

Application filed January 25, 1895. Serial No. 536,172. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. WINsLoW, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oak Park, in the county of Cook and State ot' Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pavements for Streets, Sidewalks, and the Like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to pavements for streets, sidewalks and thelike,and the method of constructing the same.

vThe object of the invention is to provide a pavement of novel and useful construction, which will effectively resist the upheaving action of frosts, freezing and thawing.

A further object is to constructapavement cheaply and in a manner adapting it to long continued use without impairment of its efficiency.

A further object is to so construct a pavement that it will resist enormous stress and strains.

Further objects of the invention will more fully hereinafter appeal'.

With these objects in view the invention consists substantially in the construction, combination, arrangement, location of parts and method of procedure, all as will be more fully hereinafter set forth, shown in the accompanying drawings, and finally pointed out in the appended claims.

Reference is had to the accompanying drawings, and to the various views and reference signs appearing thereon, wherein- Figure l is a p lan view of a portion of pavement constructed in accordance with my invention as applied to a sidewalk. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same, taken on the line x Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a detail view in vertical section, showing a slightlymodified form of construction. Fig. 4c is a plan view of a portion of pavement embodying a form of my invention and showing a method of connecting the meeting edges of adjacent pavement-sections. Fig. 5 is avertical sectional view of the same, taken on the line y y, Fig. 4.

The same reference sign is employed throughout the several views to designate the same part wherever it occurs.

In carrying out my invention, I first drill, bore or otherwise form a series of holes in the shown, I have provided four of such holes in each transverse row, which is usually sufficient for a pavement six feet in width; but it is evident that the number of holes may be varied at pleasure and their spacing relatively to each other, and the spacing between adjacent rows, are matters of details which may be left to the judgment of persons skilled in the art, as they are dependent, in a large measure, upon the needs and requirements of each particular case. In practice the holes A are formed of a depth sufficient to extend below the frost line of the earth. As is well known, the frost line of the earth, varying somewhat according to the latitude, is about two feet below the surface, and the earth above the frost line is subjected to the upheaving action of frost or freezing and thawing, thereby warping or breaking the surface of streets, sidewalks and the like erected thereon. In order to avoid this danger and objection, I extend the holes A to a suitable depth below the frost line, as indicated in the drawings, wherein reference sign D designates a conventional frostline, E, the earth above the frost line which is eected by frosts, and F, the earth below the frost line, which is usually of a' clayey'nature, and is not alfected by frosts or changes in temperature. I provide the holes with a Haring or extended bottom,

as indicated at G, for a purpose presently tov be described. I next lill the holes, prepared as described, with cement of any desired or suitable composition, as indicated at O. The surface of the earth forming the bed is then formed into an arching or convex surface between adjacent rows of holes, A, as shown at B, Fig. 2. I next arrange a suitable metallic beam, preferably a T-beam, as indicated` at H, to extend along and to rest upon the holes formed in a row. In the form shown, Where the holes are arranged in transverse rows with respect to the length of the road or Walk, I also arrange the beam to extend across the Ico road or Walk. Side boards or scantlings, K, are then arranged along the edges of the roadway, in order to act as eveners, and suitable cement is placed upon the bed, prepared as above, andleveled down to aflat upper or walking surface, the beams, I-Lbecoming embedded in the cement, and the cement with which the holes are lled forming a homogeneous mass with that constituting .the surface layer. If desired, suitable arched rods or wires, L, may be arranged Vto extend from a hole in one row to the corresponding hole in an adjacent row, the ends thereof resting upon the rails or beams H, or merely upon the top of the column of cement contained in the holes. The object of these rods or wires, and also of the beams or rails, H, is to act asa binder, to preserve the arch form of the span, and to more evenly distribute the strains or crushing stress to which the walk or road may be subjected in use, throughout the greatest amount ofspace, thereby enabling the walk ,or road to resist enormous strains or stress.

It will be understood, however, that, if desired, the Wires or rods L and also the beams H, may be omitted without altering the scope of my invention. If desired, when the arched span has become hardened and set, that part of the surface of the earth which has been used to form the convex surface may be removed, as indicated at O, Figs. 2, 3i and 5. This may be accomplished by first removing the side boards K, and then raking out or otherwise removing the earth that has been previously bedded up into an arching surface, from the side of the structure.

Instead of utilizing the earth itself to form the arching surface or base to receive the cement, the road bed may be first provided witha flat surface, and a removable block, P, having an arching upper surface and a flat lower surface, may be placed between adjacent rows of holes to form the surface to rcceive the cement, and after the cement has become hardened or set the block may be removed, thereby leaving a space between the arching cement. The removal of blockP may be effected in a similar manner to that above described with reference to the removal of the earth when no block is used to form the arching surface-that is, the side boards K are tirst removed, and then the block P is Withdrawn from the side of the structure. In

' order to facilitate the removal of block P, it

may be made in sections, as indicated in Fig. 2. In Fig. 3 I have shown a slightly modified arrangement wherein `a rod, R, carrying a plate, S, at each end thereof is placed in the shown to extend along the rows of holes, and l arrange the rod R to project between said plates.

In Figs. 4 and 5, I have shown a convenient way of forming the meeting edges of adjacent blocks or sections of roadway, where it isnot desired to form the entire road of a continu? ous homogeneous mass. In this form I provide each meeting edge with corresponding and alternating interlocking projections and depressions, as indicated at W, Figs. 4 and 5. These depressions may be easily formed on the end of one section when still in a plastic state by any suitably constructed mold, and vthe end of the next section will conform there-A to when the cement orV other'composition is applied, as will be readily understood. In

this construction, should a break occur in onel section it will not extend to an adjacent sec-` tion, but will be arrested at the seam.

It will be understood that the flaring or e`nlarged bottoni ofthe holes enables the columns of cement contained therein to maintain a broad supporting base, thereby forming a support the power of which to resist crushing strain is practically without limit.

It will beseen from the construction above described that the entire pavement is sup-` ported from a point beneath the frost line. The sections of the pavement are arching,-and therefore capable of being subj ected` to severe strainswithoutinjnry. Anystrainsorstresses to which the pavement is subjected is dis# Any upheaval of the earth beneath a pave-- ment constructed upon the principles of my los"` invention, on account of the frost and the like, will be accommodated in the spaces 0,

without being imparted tothe pavement, and

i hence, without subjecting the pavement to iny arching the under surjurious strains. face of the sections I eiect a large saving in the amount of material required Without detracting in any way from the strength or efficiency of the pavement.

If desired, a layer of asphaltum or other suitable material,'or of bricks, maybe placed upon the upper surface of the roadway or side walk constructed as above described.

Having now fully ascertained the nature nog` and object of my invention, and having described a construction embodying the same, it will be understood that many variations and changes would readily suggest themselves to persons skilled in the art and still fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and of my own invention isf 1 The method of constructing pavements, which consists in forming a series of holes in the road bed, then arching the surface of the road bed between said holes, and finally filling said holes and covering the entire surface Il! l r 3o il of said roadbed with a suitable cement composition; as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The method of constructing pavements, which consists in forming a series of rows of holes in the road bed, then arching the surface of said road bed between adjacent rows of holes, and finally filling said holes and coving the entire surface of said road bed with a suitable cement composition; as and for the purpose set forth.

3. -Themethod of constructing pavements, which consists in forming a series of rows of holes transversely across the road bed, then arching the surface of said road bed between adjacent rows of holes, and Iinally lling said holes and covering the entire surface of said road bed with a suitable cement composition; as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The method of constructing pavements, which consists in forming a series of holes in the road bed of a depth to extend below the frost line of the earth, then providing the road bed with an arching surface between adjacent rows of holes, and nally filling said holes and covering the entire surface of said road bed with a suitable cement composition; as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The method of constructing pavements, which consists in forming a series of rows of holes in the road bed, then arching the surface of said road bed from one row of holes to the next adjacent row of holes, then filling said holes with a suitable cement composition, then arranging a suitable rail to rest upon the columns of composition contained in said rows of holes, and finally covering the road bed with a suitable cement composition, thereby embedding therein said rails; as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The method of constructing pavements, which consists in forming a series of rows of holes in the road bed of a depth to extend below the frost line` of the earth, then archingl the surface' of the road bed from one row of holes to the next adjacent row of holes, then filling said holes with a suitable composition, then placing suitable rails to rest upon the columns of composition contained in said holes, then arranging arching ties or rods to span the space betweenadjacent rows of holes, and finally covering the entire road bed with suitable compositiomthereby embedding therein said rails and ties or rods; as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The method of constructing pavements, which consists of forming'a series of rows of holes in the road bed, of a depth to extend loelow the frost line, then arching the surface of the road bed from one row of holes to the next adjacent row of holes, then'filling said holes and covering said road bed with a suitable cement composition, and finally removing said arching surface; as and for the purpose set forth. v

S. The method of constructing pavements, which consists in providing a series of holes in the'road'bed, then arching the surface of said road bed between said holes, then arranging tie rods in said holes, and finally filling said holes and covering said road bed with suitable cement composition; as and for the purpose set forth.

9. Apavement comprising a road bed having a series of rows of holes formed therein and a suitable composition introduced into said holes and arranged to arch the span between adjacent rows of holes, said composition'having a flat upper or wearing surface; as and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a pavement, the combination with a road bed, having a series of rows of holes therein of a depth to extend below the frost line, adapted to receive a suitable cement composition, of' rails arranged to rest upon the columns of composition and a suitable composition arranged to cover the entire road bed and to arch over the space between adjacent rows of holes and having a level upper or wearing surface; as and for the purpose set forth.

11. In a pavement, the combination with a road .bed having a series of rows of holes therein of a depth to extend -below the frost line of the earth, of tie rods arranged in said holes and provided at the upper and lower ends thereof with binding plates, and a suitable cement composition arranged to fill said holesand to cover said road bed; as and for the purpose set forth.

l2. In a pavement, the combination with a road bed, having a series of rows of holes formed therein, said holes provided with a widened or flaring base, of a suitable composition arranged to ll said holes and to cover said road bed, said composition arranged to span with an arch the space between adjacent rows of holes, and having a level upper or wearing surface, and rails embedded in said composition and arranged to rest upon the columns of composition contained in said holes; as and for the purpose set forth.

13. In a pavement, the combination of a road bed having a series of holes therein, arranged in rows transverse to the length of said road bed and of a depth t'o extend below the frost line, of a composition adapted to till ICO IIO

said holes, rails arranged to rest upon the v v In witness whereofI have hereunto set my hand this 21st day ofJannary, 1895.

WILLIAM H. WINSLOW; In presence of- CHAs.-P. SAXE, C. J. WILSON. 

